American accent training grammar_1

Cuốn sách này và chương trình đĩa âm thanh nhỏ gọn hướng dẫn sinh viên tiếng Anh như một ngôn ngữ thứ hai trong các yếu tố của ngữ pháp, trình bày một xem xét lại ngữ pháp nhấn mạnh rằng lời nói và phát âm chính xác. Các đĩa nhỏ gọn bao gồm dictations nói cho mỗi mười chương của cuốn sách. Học sinh bắt đầu bằng cách viết ra những gì họ nghe, và sau đó so sánh những gì họ đã viết với phiên bản in của cuốn sách. Trong quá trình này, họ bắt đầu học...
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American accent training grammar_1 Стр. 55 из 185 Exercise 1-51 : Extended Listening Practice CD 2 Track 22 Let's do a few more pure sound exercises to fine-tune your ear. Remember, start at the end and fill in the blanks right to left, then read them back left to right. Write whichever symbols are easiest for you to read back. There are clues sprinkled around for you and all the answers are in the Answer Key, beginning on page 193. CD 2 Track 23 1. læfdr hæzno fourə næks'nt 2. Wr kwell də ni zärt 3. T' tee chiz t' lr nə gen Laughter has no foreign Work well done is To teach is to learn accent. art. again. 47 Reduced Sounds CD 2 Track 24 The Down Side of Intonation Reduced sounds are all those extra sounds created by an absence of lip, tongue, jaw, and throat movement. They are a principal function of intonation and are truly indicative of the American sound. Reduced Sounds Are Valleys American intonation is made up of peaks and valleys—tops of staircases and bottoms of staircases. To have strong peaks, you will have to develop deep valleys. These deep valleys should be filled with all kinds of reduced vowels, one in particular—the completely neutral schwa. Ignore spelling. Since you probably first became acquainted with English through the printed word, this is going to be quite a challenge. The position of a syllable is more important than spelling as an indication of correct pronunciation. For example, the words photograph and photography each have two O's and an A. The first word is stressed on the first syllable so photograph sounds like [fod'græf]. The second word is stressed on the second syllable, photography, so the word comes out [f'tahgr'fee]. You can see here that their spelling doesn't tell you how they sound. Word stress or intonation will determine the pronunciation. Work on listening to words. Concentrate on hearing the pure sounds, not in trying to make the word fit a familiar spelling. Otherwise, you will be taking the long way around and giving yourself both a lot of extra work and an accent! Стр. 56 из 185 Syllables that are perched atop a peak or a staircase are strong sounds; that is, they maintain their original pronunciation. On the other hand, syllables that fall in the valleys or on a lower stairstep are weak sounds; thus they are reduced. Some vowels are reduced completely to schwas, a very relaxed sound, while others are only toned down. In the following exercises, we will be dealing with these toned down sounds. In the Introduction (Read This First, page iv) I talked about overpronouncing. This section will handle that overpronunciation. You're going to skim over words; you're going to dash through certain sounds. Your peaks are going to be quite strong, but your valleys, blurry—a very intuitive aspect of intonation that this practice will help you develop. Articles (such as the, a) are usually very reduced sounds. Before a consonant, the and a are both schwa sounds, which are reduced. Before a vowel, however, you'll notice a change—the schwa of the turns into a long [e] plus a connecting (y)—Th ' book changes to thee(y)only book; A hat becomes a nugly hat. The article a becomes an. Think of [ə●nornj] rather than an orange; [ə●nopening], [ə●neye], [ə●nimaginary animal]. Exercise 1-52; Reducing Articles CD 2 Track 25 Vowels Consonants thee(y)apple an orange [ə●nornj] the man a girl thee(y)egg an opening [ə●nop'ning] the best a banana thee(y)easy way an interview [ə●ninerview] the last one a computer 48 When you used the rubber band with [Däg zeet bounz] and when you built your own sentence, you saw that intonation reduces the unstressed words. Intonation is the peak and reduced sounds are the valleys. In the beginning, you should make extra-high peaks and long, deep valleys. When you are not sure, reduce. In the following exercise, work with this idea. Small words such as articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, relative pronouns, and auxiliary verbs are lightly skimmed over and almost not pronounced. You have seen how intonation changes the meaning in words and sentences. Inside a one- syllable word, it distinguishes between a final voiced or unvoiced consonant be-ed and bet. Inside a longer word, éunuch vs unίque, the pronunciation and meaning change in terms of vocabulary. In a ...