Cài đặt TCSH

This appendix describes how to obtain, build, test, and install tcsh. As I write, tcsh is at version 6.06. If amore recent version has been released, just substitute the new version number wherever you see 6.06 inthose commands in which it appears below.V
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Cài đặt TCSH A Obtaining & Installing tcshThis appendix describes how to obtain, build, test, and install tcsh. As I write, tcsh is at version 6.06. If amore recent version has been released, just substitute the new version number wherever you see 6.06 inthose commands in which it appears below.The first thing you should do is check whether or not an up to date tcsh is already installed on your system.If it is, you don’t need to do anything except make tcsh your login shell. (See ‘‘Selecting a Shell’’ in Chap-ter 1, Introduction.) Otherwise get the current version and install it first.Find out whether tcsh is installed and what its pathname is by asking your system administrator or by run-ning this command: % which tcshIf tcsh is present, determine its version number using the following command. Use single quotes as shownbut substitute the actual pathname if it’s different than /bin/tcsh: % /bin/tcsh -c ’echo $version’ tcsh 6.00.02 (Cornell) 08/05/91 options 8b,nls,dl,al,dirIf the output of this command indicates that your tcsh is an old version (as it does here), you should get thecurrent one.Obtaining the Source DistributionThe tcsh source distribution is available on the Internet via anonymous FTP. Connect totesla.ee.cornell.edu, change into the /pub/tcsh directory, and transfer the file tcsh-6.06.tar.gz in binarymode. After you obtain the distribution, uncompress it and extract the files: % gunzip < tcsh-6.06.tar.gz | tar xf -Or, on System V systems: % gunzip < tcsh-6.06.tar.gz | tar xof -If you don’t have gunzip, specify the filename without the .gz suffix as tcsh-6.06.tar when you get the distri-bution. The FTP server will uncompress the file for you. Then run one of these commands: % tar xf tcsh-6.06.tar (For non-System V systems) % tar xof tcsh-6.06.tar (For System V systems)The tar command should produce a directory tcsh-6.06 in your current directory. Change into that direc-tory with cd tcsh-6.06 and you’re ready to begin the build process.If you want to use a World Wide Web browser to obtain the distribution, use the following URL: ftp://tesla.ee.cornell.edu/pub/tcsh/tcsh-6.06.tar.gzOr, to obtain the uncompressed version: — Copyright © 1995 O’Reilly & Associates —Obtaining & Installing tcsh A-1 ftp://tesla.ee.cornell.edu/pub/tcsh/tcsh-6.06.tarAfter you obtain the file, unpack it using the instructions above.Build the Distribution — Quick InstructionsIf you’re impatient, you can try a quick build to get going sooner.If imake, xmkmf, and the X11 configuration files are installed on your machine, you should be able to buildtcsh like this: % xmkmf Generate Makefile from Imakefile % make depend Generate dependencies (optional) % make Build tcshIf you’re not using imake, create a Makefile from the standard template and use it to build tcsh: % cp Makefile.std Makefile Copy Makefile from standard template % cp config/file config.h Create config.h from appropriate file in config directory % make Build tcshWhichever method you use, if the make command succeeds, you should have an executable tcsh; proceedto the section ‘‘Testing and Installing tcsh.’’ Otherwise use the detailed instructions in the next section tobuild tcsh.Build the Distribution — Detailed InstructionsUse the instructions in this section if the quick build doesn’t work or if you want to review and perhapsmodify the configuration parameters. Read the entire procedure described below before you try any of it.The files that contain information about building tcsh are:• README —the general readme file• README.imake —the imake-specific readme file• FAQ —the frequently-asked-questions list• Ported —describes build flags for systems to which tcsh has been portedI recommend that you browse through these files before proceeding.Overview of the Build ProcessHere’s a summary of the steps involved in building tcsh:• Decide where you want to install tcsh.• Configure Makefile. If you’re using imake, the Makefile is generated from Imakefile and imake.config; otherwise it’s created from Makefile.std.• Configure config.h. This file contains system-dependent configuration flags used at compile time. It’s created for you automatically if you’re using imake, otherwise you create it from one of the files in the config directory.• Configure config _ f.h. This file contains options that turn on or off various tcsh features.• Compile tcsh. — Preliminary copy; please do not quote or copy without written permission —A-2 Using csh & tcsh (printed 16 May 1995)As you get set up to build tcsh, you may need to make changes to one or more of the files just mentioned.Use the following procedure to save a copy of any file you need to modify: % cp file file.orig Save copy of original file % chmod 644 file Make working copy writable so you can modify itThat way you still have the original file to look at for reference as you modify your working copy.Choose an Installation DirectoryBefore you build tcsh, think about where you’re going to install it. The default installation directory is/usr/local/bin but you can override it. For instance, I install tcsh in /bin so I can use it even when the /usrfile system is unmounted.tcsh is best installed in one o ...