Cost-effective porous carbon materials synthesized by carbonizing rice husk and K2CO3 activation and their application for lithium-sulfur batteries

In this work, we developed highly porous activated carbon (AC) materials with micro/meso porosity through carbonizing rice husk and treating them with K2CO3. Elemental sulfur was then loaded to the micropores through a solution infiltration method to form rice husk-derived activated carbon (RHAC)aS composite materials.
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Cost-effective porous carbon materials synthesized by carbonizing rice husk and K2CO3 activation and their application for lithium-sulfur batteries Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices 4 (2019) 223e229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jsamdOriginal ArticleCost-effective porous carbon materials synthesized by carbonizing ricehusk and K2CO3 activation and their application for lithium-sulfurbatteriesThanh-Tung Mai a, *, Duc-Luong Vu a, Dang- Chinh Huynh a, Nae-Li Wu b,Anh-Tuan Le c, d, **a School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Viet Namb Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwanc Phenikaa University Nano Institute (PHENA), Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Namd Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nama r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tArticle history: In this work, we developed highly porous activated carbon (AC) materials with micro/meso porosityReceived 18 March 2019 through carbonizing rice husk and treating them with K2CO3. Elemental sulfur was then loaded to theReceived in revised form micropores through a solution infiltration method to form rice husk-derived activated carbon (RHAC)@S25 April 2019 composite materials. The as-prepared RHAC@S composites with 0.25 mg cm1 and 0.38 mg cm1 ofAccepted 25 April 2019Available online 30 April 2019 sulfur loading were tested as cathodes for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. The 0.25 mg cm1 sulfur loaded sample showed an initial discharge capacity of 1080 mA h/g at a 0.1 C rate. After 50 cycles of charge/ discharge tests at the current density of 0.2 C, the reversible capacity is maintained at 312 mA h/g. TheKeywords:Rice husk RHAC material delivered a capacity of more than 300 mA h/g at a current density of 1.7 C. These resultsCathode material demonstrate that the RHAC porous materials are very promising as cathode materials for the develop-Carbonization process ment of high-performance Li-S batteries.Activated carbon © 2019 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Vietnam National University, Hanoi.Lithium-sulfur batteries This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).1. Introduction [13e15], coating with conductive polymer [16,17] have been employed to improve the conductivity of the cathode, to avert the The lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery system is one of the promising dissolution of lithium polysulfides and to reduce the shuttle effect.energy storage devices for the next-generation electric power Biomass is the most promising carbon precursor for preparingstorage owing to its excellent theoretical energy density of cost-effective porous carbon materials such as activated carbon2600 Wh kg1 which is 3e4 times higher than that of the current materials [18,19]. Activated carbons are porous materials with alithium-ion battery system [1e5]. Sulfur is considered a promising well-developed pore structure, a large surface area, and a highcathode material due to its low cost, high theoretical capacity adsorption capacity [20,21]. Various biomass-derived carbon ma-(1675 mA h/g), and its nontoxicity [3,4,6]. Despite having several terials (e.g., cherry stone, olive stone, mangrove charcoal, rice husk,advantages over other batteries, the low electrical conductivities of peanut shell, cotton wool) have been investigated for obtainingsulfur and lithium sulfides and the slow redox kinetics of the active high electric capacities and excellent electrochemical propertiesmaterials obstruct the practical use of LiS cells [7e9]. To overcome when applied in li ...