Hệ thống kiến thức tiếng Anh lớp 8

Tài liệu "Hệ thống kiến thức tiếng Anh lớp 8" cung cấp cho các bạn những dạng câu thường gặp trong tiếng Anh như: Câu bị động đặc biệt, câu trực tiếp, gián tiếp, một số lưu ý thường gặp trong ngữ pháp tiếng Anh,... Hy vọng nội dung tài liệu phục vụ hữu ích nhu cầu học tập và nghiên cứu.
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Hệ thống kiến thức tiếng Anh lớp 8 HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC TIẾNG ANH LỚP 8 A.Các dạng câu thường gặp: 1.Câu bị động đặc biệt: 1.Câu bị động với think/believe/say…: a, +,CĐ: S (People, They,…..) + say/think/believe…+ that +……… +,BĐ: S + is/am/are + said/thought/believed…+ to V………… It + is/am/are + said/thought/believed… that +………… b, +,CĐ: S (People,They,…..) + said/thought/believed…+ that…. +,BĐ: S + was/were + said/thought/believed…+ to have + V(pII) : It + was/were+ said/thought/believed… that +………… Eg: - People believe that 13 is an unlucky number. => 13 is belived to be an unlucky number. => It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number. - They thought that Mai had gone away. => Mai was thought to have gone away. => It was thought that Mai had gone away. 2.Câu bị động với “have”: + CĐ: S + have/has/had + sb + V + st+ ……. + BĐ: S + have/has/had + st + V(pII) + (by sb)... Eg: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday. => I had my bicycle repaired yesterday. 3.Câu bị động với “get”: +,CĐ: S + get/gets/got + sb + to V + st +……. +,BĐ: S + get/gets/got + st + V(pII) + (by sb)... Eg: I got him to repair my car last week. => I got my car repaired last week. 4.Câu bị động với “make”: +,CĐ: S + make/made + sb + V + st +…… +,BĐ: S (sb) + is/are//was/were made + to V+ st +…… Eg:The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day. => Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day. 5.Need: +, CĐ: S + need + to V+ st +…….. +, BĐ: S (st)+ need + to be V(pII). S (st)+ need+ V-ing. Eg:You need to cut your hair. =>Your hair need to be cut. => Your hair need cutting. 2.Câu trực tiếp,gián tiếp: 1 I.Các dạng câu chuyển gián tiếp: 1.Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu: - Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu có các dạng: “(Don’t) + V +…..+ (please)” “Will/Would/Can/Could + S + (not) +……+ (please)?” “Would you mind + (not) + V-ing +…..?” =>S + told/asked/warned (cảnh báo)/begged (cầu xin)/ordered (ra lệnh)/reminded (nhắc nhở)+ O + (not) toV… Eg:- “Listen carefully” The teacher said to us. =>The teacher told/asked us to listen carefully. -“Don’t make noise,Jim” The perfect said. =>The perfect ordered Jim not to make noise. -“Would you mind putting out your cigarette?”-said a woman. =>A woman reminded me to put out my cigatette. *Câu yêu cầu với động từ tường thuật “asked” có dạng: -“I’d like+……..” -“Can/Could I have+……..” Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta áp dụng công thức: S+asked(+O)+for+st+….. Eg: In the café,the man said: “I’d like a cup of tea”. =>The man asked for a cup of tea. 2.Lời khuyên: -Lời khuyên có các dạng: “S+should(not)/ought (not) to/had better(not)+V+……..” “Why don’t you+V+…….” “If I were you, I would+V+…….” =>S1+said+(to+O)+that+S2+should+V+……. =>S+advised/encouraged(khuyến khích)+ O+to V+……. Eg:-“You should run faster” The teacher said. =>The teacher said that I should run faster. =>The teacher advised me to run faster. -“Why don’t you take off your coat?”She said. =>She advised me to take off my coat. -“If I were you,I would stop smoking”He said. =>He advised me to stop smoking. -“Go on,apply for the job”Mrs.Smith said. => Mrs.Smith encouraged me to apply for the job” 3.Câu trần thuật: Câu trần thuật có dạng: “S+V(s/es/ed/pI/pII)+…….” =>S+said+that+S+V(lùi thì)+……… Eg: “I will have an important contest tomorrow.”She said. 2 =>She said that she would have an important contest the next day. 4.Câu hỏi: a,Yes/No questions: Yes/No question có dạng: “Trợ động từ+S+V+…..?” =>S1+asked+O+if/whether+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+…… Eg: “Do you like SNSD?” Seohyun said to Kyuhyun. => Seohyun asked Kyuhyun if/whether he liked SNSD. b,Wh questions: Wh questions có dạng: “Wh+trợ động từ+S+V+…..?” =>S1+asked+O+Wh+S2(O)+V(lùi thì)+……. Eg: “Where will you go tomorrow?” She said. =>She asked me Where I would go the next day. 5.Lời mời,gợi ý: a, Lời mời: Lời mời có dạng: “Would you like+Noun/toV+……?” =>S+invited+O+toV+…… Eg: “Would you like to come to my birthday party”Su said to Seohyun. => Su invited Seohyun to come to his birthday party. b,Lời gợi ý: Lời gợi ý có dạng: “Let’s+V+…..!”= “Shall we+V+…..?” “What/How about + V-ing/N +……?” “Why don’t we/you+ V+….?” * Nếu chủ ngữ tham gia vào hành động.( “Let’s + V +…..!” ; “Shall we + V +…..?” ; “What/How about + V-ing/N +……?” “Why don’t we +V+….?”): =>S + suggested + V-ing +…… * Nếu chủ ngữ không tham gia vào hành động mà chỉ gợi ý cho người khác.( “Why don’t you+V+….?”) =>S1 + suggested + that + S2 + should + V +…… Eg:-“Let’s go to the movies”The boy said. =>The boy suggested going to the movies. -“Why don’t you go out for a drink?”Trung said to Nga. =>Trung suggested that Nga should go out for a drink. c,Những câu có dạng: “I’ll+V+…..+if you like.” “Shall/Can/Could I+V+….?” “Would you like me+toV+…..?” Khi chuyển gián tiếp ta sử dụng động từ tường thuật “offered” công thức: S+ offered + toV +…….+ if you like. Eg:- “Would you like me to finish the work tonight? =>I’ll finish the work tonight if you like. 3 =>I offered to finish the work tonight if you lik ...