Inventory Accounting part 1

Kế toán kiểm kê chính xác là rất quan trọng để mỗi công ty có một tỷ lệ đáng kể tài sản của nó trong hàng tồn kho. Nó cũng có thể là một trong những nhiệm vụ khó khăn nhất phải đối mặt bởi các bộ phận kế toán. Xác định giá trị hàng tồn kho chính xác đòi hỏi phải có hệ thống theo dõi hàng tồn kho xuất sắc, bố trí nhà kho, và các thủ tục chu kỳ tính, cũng như hệ thống chi phí tích lũy chi tiết. ...
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Inventory Accounting part 1 Inventory Data Collection / 9and who ordered it. There is no need to conduct research in a paper file, whichmakes this a much faster way to conduct inventory accounting research. An added benefit of document imaging is that more than one person can accessthe same document at the same time. With a paper-based system, there is always theproblem of files being missing because they are being used by someone (and theadded problem of their not being returned to the appropriate location), resulting ina delay in research efforts until the files are returned. With document imaging, thefile remains in the same storage location in the CD jukebox, no matter how manyusers are reviewing it at the same time. Thus, research is never delayed by missingdocuments. The document imaging solution is a good one, but its costs must be considered.For a small organization, the cost of the computer hardware and software may betoo high in relation to the cost savings anticipated from converting a small volumeof documents to a digitized format. However, large-volume organizations dealingwith tens or hundreds of thousands of documents find that the cost of such a systemis negligible in comparison to the benefits gained. Prices are constantly droppingin this area, so it is difficult to itemize imaging system prices that will be valid forany length of time. In general, a low-end imaging system can be obtained for a pricein the low five-figure range, while the cost of a high-volume transaction solutioncan easily exceed $1 million. When preparing a cost-benefit transaction solution fora document imaging system, one should consider the benefits not only of reducingresearch time but also of eliminating rent on document storage space, staff posi-tions for filing work, and the cost of locating misfiled documents. 1-6 Electronic Data InterchangeData collection is particularly painful when data is received from a company’strading partner and must then be reentered into the company’s database. The prob-lem is that the information sent to the company may not be the same as that requiredby the internal system, so someone must contact the trading partner for the miss-ing information. In addition, there is always the risk of data entry errors, which canbe caused by simple retyping mistakes or a misreading of the received document(as may be caused by a blurry fax). All of these costs are non-value-added becausethey contribute nothing to the underlying value of the product or service the com-pany provides. These issues can be eliminated through the use of electronic datainterchange. For a few hundred dollars, one can purchase an elementary EDI software pack-age that reveals an electronic form on the computer screen. One enters all of the dataneeded into a set of required fields for whatever standard transaction is required—more than 100 have been carefully defined by an international standard organization.Once all of the transactions have been entered, the computer sends the informationto the business partner by modem or broadband connection. The recipient then ac-cesses the data through its modem, prints it, and manually transfers the informationto its computer system. Although very simple, this approach is not much better than10 / Inventory Accountingsending the same information by fax machine, because it still requires manual entryof data at both ends of the transaction. The only improvement over the fax machineis the higher quality of the received image, which cannot be blurred by electronictransmission. A much better approach is to have the computer system at the sending orga-nization automatically reformat a transaction into EDI format and also send itautomatically—no operator intervention required! The same process can beachieved at the receiving end, where incoming transactions are automatically re-ceived, reformatted, and inserted into the in-house computer system. With this ap-proach, all risk of data entry error is completely eliminated. This is a particularlyvaluable capability at companies with large volumes of data flowing betweenthem and their trading partners. A final issue for EDI application is how to send a transaction between compa-nies. It is possible to send a transmission directly to each business partner, whichcan have a computer permanently dedicated to the task of receiving such transac-tions. However, this computer may be tied up receiving a transaction from someother company and the transmission cannot go through. There may also be a prob-lem with incompatible modem transmission and reception speeds, although this isnot an issue when broadband connections are used. To avoid these problems, con-sider signing up with a value-added network (VAN), which is a central comput-ing facility that receiv ...