Long-Term Care for the Elderly: Challenges and Policy Options

Vegetariansofalltypescanachieverecommended nutrientintakesthroughcarefulselectionoffoods. Theseindividualsshouldgivespecialattentiontotheir intakesofprotein, iron, andvitaminB12, aswellas calciumandvitaminDifavoidingmilkproducts.In addition, vegetarianscouldselectonlynuts, seeds, and legumes fromthemeatandbeansgroup, ortheycould includeeggsifsodesired.Atthe2,000calorielevel, they couldchooseabout1.5ouncesofnutsand2 /3 cup legumesinsteadof5.5ouncesofmeat, poultry, and/or fish.Oneegg, 1/2 ounceofnuts, or1/4 cupoflegumesis considered equivalentto1ounceofmeat, poultry, orfishin theUSDAFoodGuide. SubstitutionsforMilkandMilkProductsSincemilkandmilkproductsprovidemorethan70percent ofthecalciumconsumedbyAmericans, guidanceonother choicesofdietarycalciumisneededforthosewhodonot consumetherecommendedamountofmilkproducts. Milkproductconsumptionhasbeenassociatedwith overalldietqualityandadequacyofintakeofmanynutrients, includingcalcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, riboflavin, vitaminA, folate, andvitaminD. Peoplemay avoidmilkproductsbecauseofallergies, culturalpractices, taste, orotherreasons.Thosewhoavoidallmilk productsneedtochooserichsourcesofthenutrients providedbymilk, includingpotassium, vitaminA, and magnesiuminadditiontocalciumandvitaminD(seeapp.B).Somenondairysourcesofcalciumareshownin appendixB4.Thebioavailabilityofthecalciuminthese foodsvaries. ...
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Long-Term Care for the Elderly: Challenges and Policy Options