Microcontroller Fundamentals

Learning Objectives: explain the general architecture of a microcontroller, list the key features of the ATmega328 microcontroller, explain the features and elements of the Arduino and Spartronics Experimenter Shield (SES), explain the concepts of microcontroller pins as inputs and outputs, convert between binary and hexadecimal digits.
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Microcontroller FundamentalsMicrocontrollerFundamentalsB. Furman13FEB2014Learning Objectives Explain the general architecture of a microcontroller List the key features of the ATmega328 microcontroller Explain the features and elements of the Arduino and Spartronics Experimenter Shield (SES) Explain the concepts of microcontroller pins as inputs and outputs Convert between binary and hexadecimal digitsMechatronics Concept Map ME 106 User ME 120 Interface Power Source Controller ME 106 ME 190 (Hardware & Software) ME 187 ME 106 Power Interface INTEGRATION Signal ME 106 Conditioning ME 120 ME 106 ME 154 Actuator ME 157 ME 195 Sensor ME 120 ME 297A System to Control ME 110 ME 182 ME 136 ME 189 ME 154 ME 195 BJ Furman 22JAN11 ME 157What is a Microcontroller? ANALOG INPUTS What is the difference between a ‘Digital Input’ and an ‘Analog Input’? http://www.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/ref_manual/M68HC05TB.pdfATmega328 Internal Architecture ATmega328 data sheet pp. 2, 5http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=50 ATmega328 Features ATmega328 data sheet p. 1http://www.atmel.com/Images/Atmel-8271-8-bit-AVR-Microcontroller-ATmega48A-48PA-88A-8Arduino Duemilanove http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanove See the handout: Arduino_ATmega328_pin_mapping_and_schematic Pin 13 LED Digital pins headerUSBconnector Reset button ATmega328 MCUBarrel jack Analog pins header Power-ground header http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/ArduinoDuemilanove.jpgArduino Uno R3 ATmega16u2 replaces FT232RL for USB-serial comms http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=50See: http://learn.adafruit.com/arduino-tips-tricks-and-techniques/arduino-uno-faqArduino Due Note: 3.3 V !!Atmel SAM3X8E processor (32 bit ARM Cortex M3 architecture, 84MHz) http://www.adafruit.com/index.php?main_page=popup_image&pID=1076 See: http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDueArduino Duemilanove/Uno FeaturesMicrocontroller ATmega168/328Operating Voltage 5VInput Voltage (recommended) 7-12VInput Voltage (limits) 6-20VDigital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)Analog Input Pins 6DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mADC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA 16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2Flash Memory KB used by bootloaderSRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328)EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328)Clock Speed 16 MHz http://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDuemilanovehttp://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/arduino-duemilanove-schematic.pdfATmega328 Microcontroller Pin number Pin name Special function Note thelimitations! p. 316 Source:http://www.atmel.com/dyn/products/product_card.asp?PN=ATmega328PAbsolute Maximums ATmega328 data sheet p. 316Microcontroller Ports and Pins The communication channels through which information C flows into or out of the microcontroller  Ex. PORTB  Pins PB0 – PB7  May not be contiguous  Often bi-directional See next slides!Port Pin Data Directionality Input  When you want to take information from the external world (sensors) into the MCU Output  When you want to change the state of something outside the MCU (turn a motor on or off, etc.) Pins default to input direction on power-up or reset Your program can set or change the directionality of a pin at any timeATmega328Block Diagram InputOutputM68HC11 microcontrollerSetting the Pin Data Direction Arduino  pinMode(pin_no., dir)  Ex. Make Arduino pin 3 (PD3) an outp ...