OCA Oracle Database 11g Administration I Exam Guide P2

Introduction to the Oracle Server Technologiesavoids these issues by formatting a report’s output as XML tags. Any client can request an XML Publisher report and (provided it has an XML parser) display the results. This is the key to distributing reports over wireless protocols to any device, such as a cellular telephone. Oracle Discoverer is an end-user tool for report generation. Oracle Reports and XML Publisher need a programmer to design the report. A well-designed report can be highly customizable by the end user through use of parameters supplied at request time, but a programmer is still needed to design...
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OCA Oracle Database 11g Administration I Exam Guide P212 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Oracle Server Technologies avoids these issues by formatting a report’s output as XML tags. Any client can request an XML Publisher report and (provided it has an XML parser) display the results. This is the key to distributing reports over wireless protocols to any device, such as a cellular telephone. Oracle Discoverer is an end-user tool for report generation. Oracle Reports and XML Publisher need a programmer to design the report. A well-designed report can be highly customizable by the end user through use of parameters supplied at request time, but a programmer is still needed to design the report definition. Oracle Discoverer empowers end users to develop reports themselves. Once Oracle Discoverer, which runs on an Oracle Application Server middle tier, has been appropriately configured, no more programmer input is needed: the end users do all the development. Discoverer can add immense value for end users, while freeing up programming staff for real development work.The Oracle Applications The number of Oracle applications products has increased substantially in recent years due to a large number of corporate acquisitions, but two applications remain predominant. The Oracle E-Business Suite is a comprehensive suite of applications based around an accounting engine and Oracle Collaboration Suite is a set of office automation tools. The Oracle E-Business Suite, based around a core of financial applications, includes facilities for accounting, human resources, manufacturing, customer relationship management, customer services, and much more. All the components share a common data model. The current release has a user interface written with Oracle Developer Forms and Java, depending on which tool is most suitable for the various modules and the expected users, running on Oracle Application Server. There is a large amount of PL/SQL in the database to enable the business functions. Future releases will merge the functionality of other products acquired recently (such as the Siebel and Peoplesoft applications) into a common Java- based interface. The Oracle Collaboration Suite includes (among other things) servers for e-mail, diary management, voicemail and fax, web conferencing, and (perhaps most impressive) file serving. There is complete integration between the various components. The applications run on Oracle Application Servers, and can be accessed through a web interface from browsers or made available on mobile wireless devices, such as cellular phones. Explain Relational Structures 13EXERCISE 1-1Investigate DBMSs in Your Environment This is a paper-based exercise, with no specific solution. Identify the applications, application servers, and databases used in your environment. Then, concentrating on the databases, try to get a feeling for how big and busy they are. Consider the number of users, the volatility of the data, and the data volumes. Finally, consider how critical they are to the organization: how much downtime or data loss can be tolerated for each application and database? Is it possible to put a financial figure on this? The result of this study should give an idea of how critical the DBA’s role is.CERTIFICATION OBJECTIVE 1.02Explain Relational Structures Critical to an understanding of SQL is an understanding of the relational paradigm, and the ability to normalize data into relational structures. Normalization is the work of systems analysts, as they model business data into a form suitable for storing in relational tables. It is a science that can be studied for years, and there are many schools of thought that have developed their own methods and notations.Rows and Tables Using the relational paradigm, data is stored in two-dimensional tables. A table consists of a number of rows, each consisting of a set of columns. Within a table, all the rows have the same column structure, though it is possible that in some rows some columns may have nothing in them. An example of a table would be a list of one’s employees, each employee being represented by one row. The columns might be employee number, name, and a code for the department in which he/she works. Any employees not currently assigned to a department would have that column blank. Another table could represent the departments: one row per department, with columns for the department’s code and the department’s name.14 Chapter 1: Introduction to the Oracle Server Technologies A note on terminology: what Oracle refers to as a table may also be called a relation or an entity. Rows are sometimes called records or tuples, and columns may be called attributes or fields. The number of rows in the table is the cardinality of the tuples. Relational tables conform to certain rules that constrain and define the data. At the column level, each column must be of a certain data type, such as numeric, date-time, or character. The “character” data type is the most general, in that it ...