Open channel hydraulíc for engineers

The subject of Open Channel Hydraulics for Engineers, also called Applied Hydraulics, is a subject required not only for Hydraulic Engineering students but also for other engineering fields involved, such as Construction Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Environmental Engineering. It follows the previous subject named Fluid Mechanics. The knowledge of open-channel hydraulics, which isessential to the design of many hydraulic structures, has made advances by leaps and bounds.
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Open channel hydraulíc for engineersOPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CANTHO UNIVERSITY MHO 5/6 project Civil and Mechanical Engineering OPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS LECTURE NOTE PREPARED BY LE ANH TUAN DELFT, 2003----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iOPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- To my wife Hoang Nga, my son Anh Tu and my daughter Hoang Ngan, and all my closed friends ... You are lovely rivers flowing in my dreams ... LA. Tuan----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iiOPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PREFACE The subject of Open Channel Hydraulics for Engineers, also called AppliedHydraulics, is a subject required not only for Hydraulic Engineering students but alsofor other engineering fields involved, such as Construction Engineering,Transportation Engineering and Environmental Engineering. It follows the previoussubject named Fluid Mechanics. The knowledge of open-channel hydraulics, which isessential to the design of many hydraulic structures, has made advances by leaps andbounds. The practical importance of this topic in the water resources developmenttogether with the challenge posed by the variety and complexity of its problems, hascreated for a long time the need for more comprehensive and detailed treatment of thissubject. As a result, many excellent texts have been written, not only in English, butalso in other languages. The best of these texts have imposed a logical and coherentstructure in the study of the subject, and created a tradition that present textsconsciously follow.This lecture note is prepared as a reference document for the subject. It emphasizesthe dynamics of the open-channel flow, by attempting to provide a completeframework of the basic equations of motion of the fluid, which are used as buildingblocks for the treatment of many practical problems. The structure of the document,with seven chapters totally, follows a logical sequence from a description andclassification of Fluid Mechanics and Open Channel Flows, as reviewed in Chapter 1.A development of the basic equation of motion for uniform flow is encountered inChapter 2. Coming to Chapter 3, the fruitful concepts of specific energy and hydraulicjumps are introduced and developed. Chapter 4 presents a variety of non-uniformflows and applications of drawing water-surface profiles. Spatially-varied flow, foundat spillways and weirs is considered in Chapter 5. Transitions and energy dissipatorsare discussed in Chapter 6. Finally, in Chapter 7, unsteady flow in open channels isintroduced generally and an introduction to the method of characteristics is presented.Writing on the subject matter of this lecture note, grateful use has been made of theauthoritative texts and treatises on the subject by Ven Te Chow (1973), Henderson(1966), Sergio Montes (1998) and Hubert Chanson (1999), to which frequentreferences were made.Developing this lecture note is part of the activities within the MHO 5/6 project. Thisdocument could not have been completed without the enthusiastic support and advicesof Professor Dr. Henri L. Fontijn, Head of the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of theFaculty of Civil Engineering & Geosciences (CiTG), Delft University of Technology.He spent numerous hours of his time reading and advising on the typed texts.Special acknowledgments are due to the faculty and staff members of CiTG, CICAT,Delft University of Technology and my colleagues at CanTho University, whoencouraged me in many ways.Finally, I would like to thank all my family members and friends, whose help inloving support is most gratefully acknowledged.LE ANH TUANDelft University of Technology, the Netherlands, September 2003----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iiiOPEN CHANNEL HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTSPreface ............................................................................................................... iiiContents ............................................................................................................. ivList of symbols ........................................................................ ...