Targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia therapy

The aim of this study was to analyze the level of CD33 expression in patients with newly diagnosed AML and determine its correlation with clinical characteristics. Methods: Samples were collected for analysis from AML patients at diagnosis. We evaluated the level of CD33 expression by flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow.
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Targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia therapyLiuetal. BMC Cancer (2022) 22:24https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-09116-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open AccessTargeting CD33 foracute myeloid leukemiatherapyJingjingLiu†, JiayinTongand HaipingYang*†    Abstract  Background:  The aim of this study was to analyze the level of CD33 expression in patients with newly diagnosed AML and determine its correlation with clinical characteristics. Methods:  Samples were collected for analysis from AML patients at diagnosis. We evaluated the level of CD33 expression by flow cytometry analysis of bone marrow. Chi-square or t- tests were used to assess the association between the high and low CD33 expression groups. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model method. Results:  In this study we evaluated the level of CD33 expression in de novo patients diagnosed from November 2013 until January 2019. The mean value of 73.4% was used as the cutoff for the two groups. Statistical analysis revealed that 53 of the 86 (61.2%) AML patients were above the mean. Although there was no statistical significance between CD33 expression level and gene mutation, FLT3 mutation (P = 0.002) and NPM1 mutation (P = 0.001) were more likely to be seen in the high CD33 group. The overall survival (OS) was worse in the high CD33 group (39.0 m vs. 16.7  m, x2 = 13.06, P Liuetal. BMC Cancer (2022) 22:24 Page 2 of 7in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, increasing patients were diagnosed, evaluated and treated accordingoff-target toxicity and killing hematopoietic stem and to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)progenitor cells in immunotherapy [3, 6, 7]. guidelines [13]. All patients’ records were evaluated Most efforts of developing monoclonal antibodies or retrospectively for the level of CD33 expression in deantibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) for AML have focused novo AML patients. Patients were grouped according toon targeting CD33 (cluster of differentiation antigen expression levels above and under the mean, that is, into33). Leukemic blasts and myeloid leukemia-initiating high and low level of CD33 expression groups. The asso-cells express CD33. CD33 does not appear on the sur- ciation between patient clinical information and CD33face of primitive stem cells or multipotent progenitor expression was analyzed. Detailed baseline characteris-cells. These factors make it a favorable target for immu- tics are shown in Table1.The molecular information wasnotherapy of AML [1, 8–10]. There have been a number retrieved from patients’ clinical information rather thanof reports confirming that CD33 is a feasible target for newly measured.CD33 Mylotarg® (GO, gemtuzumab ozogamicin) in 2000,immunotherapy of AML. Due to the approval of anti- TreatmentsGO was the first anticancer ADC on the market [8, 10– Induction chemotherapy used standard DA (dauno-12]. In our study, we investigated the correlation between rubicin + cytarabine), IA (nordomycin + cytarabine),the level of CD33 expression in patients with newly MA (mitoxantrone + cytarabine) or CAG with or with-diagnosed AML and the prognosis of patients. All data out the D (arabin cytidine + aclamycin + granulocytewere obtained from 86 newly diagnosed AML patients. colony stimulating factor with or without decitabine)Of course, all processes met the ethical standards, and regimen. Consolidation chemotherapy was given afterpatient consent was obtained. This study provides more complete remission (CR), and the regimen referred topersuasive evidence for the immunotherapy of AML. induction chemotherapy and usually included cytara- bine. For patients with moderate or poor prognosis, allo-Patients andmethod geneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation shouldPatients be performed with appropriate, medium and large doseBetween November 2013 and January 2019 in our insti- regimens.tution (Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Ho ...