Atlas of human histology

This atlas provides medical, dental and biology students with an outstanding collection of histology images for all of the major tissues and organs. Microscope slides are shown as a series of high-resolution photographs of the same area at successively increasing magnifications to provide a sense of scale and proportion. This is exactly the way students examine specimens through an actual microscope. Each image is labeled with details a student should be able to recognize. Each chapter is prefaced with introductory text.
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Atlas of human histology Atlas of Human HistologyA Guide to Microscopic Structure of Cells, Tissues and Organs e pl m Sa Robert L. Sorenson This atlas is a series of photographs ranging from low to high magnifications of the indi-vidual tissue specimens. The low magnification images should be used for orientation,while the higher magnification images show details of cells, tissues, and organs. Al-though every effort has been made to faithfully reproduce the colors of the tissues, a fullappreciation of histological structure is best achieved by examining the original speci-mens with a microscope. This atlas is a preview of what should be observed.The photomicrographs found in this atlas come from the collection of microscope slideused by medical, dental and undergraduate students of histology at the University ofMinnesota. Most of these slides were prepared by Anna-Mary Carpenter M.D., Ph.D.during her tenure as Professor in the Department of Anatomy (University of MinnesotaMedical School).Each tissue specimen, in its entirety, has been digitized with a high resolution 40Xor 60X lens to generate virtual microscope slides. The Virtual Microscope Collectionincludes additional slides which complement and extend the core slide collection. Pro- educing the virtual slide collection and developing the web site for their presentation wasdone with the very capable assistance of Todd C. Brelje Ph.D. plThe drawings that appear in the atlas are the product of Jean E. Magney, who is ac-complished both as an histologist and an artist. Her talented interpretation of biologicalstructure and its artistic rendering greatly facilitate the learning and comprehension of mhistology. These drawings first appeared in “Color Atlas of Histology” Stanley L. Erland-sen and Jean E. Magney, Mosby 1992. SaRobert L. Sorenson, Ph.D. Copyright © 2008 All Rights Reserved ii  Table of ContentsChapter 1 Introduction and Cell 1Chapter 2 Epithelium 15Chapter 3 Connective tissue 29Chapter 4 Muscle tissue 43Chapter 5 Cartilage and Bone 61Chapter 6 Nerve tissue 85Chapter 7 Peripheral blood 107Chapter 8 Hematopoesis 113Chapter 9 Cardiovascular System 127 eChapter 10 Lymphoid system 157Chapter 11 Skin pl 181Chapter 12 Exocrine glands 193Chapter 13 Endocrine glands 205 mChapter 14 Gastrointestinal Tract 223Chapter 15 Liver and Gall Bladder 247 SaChapter 16 Urinary System 261Chapter 17 Respiratory System 289Chapter 18 Female Reproductive System 305Chapter 19 Male Reproductive System 329Chapter 20 Organs of Special Sense 343Index 363 i Chapter 14 Gastrointestinal tract 223Chapter 14 Gastrointestinal TractThe gastrointestinal tract is a hollow muscular tube vascular plexus and an autonomic nerve plexusthat starts at the esophagus and ends with the associated with small parasympathetic ganglia ofanus. It is divided into four regions, the esopha- (Auerbach’s) myenteric plexus. The muscularisgus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. externa maintains tonus in the tube and propels lu-The esophagus is a passage for transporting food minal contents by peristalsis.to the stomach. The stomach adds gastric juicesto begin digestion. It is divided into three histologic Adventitia or serosa: This outermost layer isregions: cardiac, fundus/body and pyloric. The dense irregular connective tissue. When it blendssmall intestine is the principle site for digestion and with connective tissue of the surrounding area it isabsorption. It transfers chyme from the stomach to an adventitia. If it has a free surface projectingthe large intestine and is divided into three regions: into the peritoneal cavity it is covered with a singleduodenum, jejunum and ileum. The large intestine layer of mesothelial cells (epithelial cells derivedhas the main function of re-absorbing water from from mesoderm) and is called a serosa.the chyme and adding mucus to facilitate transportof the feces. The parts of the large intestine are the Esophaguscecum, appendix, colon, rectum and anal canal. The epithelium is stratified squamous and non-ker-General Plan for Hollow Tubular Organs atinized. This is a thick layer of 40-60 cells mea- suring 300-500 um. This is supported by a laminaThe walls of hollow organs have four layers or tu- propria. A well developed muscularis mucosa is enics: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and present (200-300 um) and surrounded by the sub-adventitia or serosa. mucosal region. Submucosal mucous glands are scattered in this region. The muscularis externaMucosa (mucous membrane): Mucous mem- plbranes line internal passages and provide a barrierbetween the tissues of the body and the externalenvironment. The membranes are constantl ...