CCNP Routing Study Guide- P18

CCNP Routing Study Guide- P18:This book is intended to help you continue on your exciting new pathtoward obtaining your CCNP and CCIE certification. Before reading thisbook, it is important to have at least read the SybexCCNA: Cisco CertifiedNetwork Associate Study Guide, Second Edition.You can take the CCNPtests in any order, but you should have passed the CCNA exam before pursuingyour CCNP.
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CCNP Routing Study Guide- P18 Glossary 479 LNNI LAN Emulation Network-to-Network Interface: In the Phase 2 LANE specification, an interface that supports communication between the server components within one ELAN. load balancing The sharing of paths to a remote network. local explorer packet In a Token Ring SRB network, a packet generated by an end system to find a host linked to the local ring. If no local host can be found, the end system will produce one of two solutions: a spanning explorer packet or an all-routes explorer packet. local loop Connection from a demarcation point to the closest switching office. local services Users trying to get to network services that are located on the same subnet or network are defined as local services. Users do not cross Layer 3 devices, and the network services are in the same broadcast domain as the users. This type of traffic never crosses the backbone. LocalTalk Utilizing CSMA/CD, in addition to supporting data transmis- sion at speeds of 230.4Kbps, LocalTalk is Apple Computer’s proprietary baseband protocol, operating at the Data Link and Physical layers of the OSI Reference Model. local VLANs Local VLANs are configured by geographic location; these locations can be a building or just a closet in a building, depending on switch size. Geographically configured VLANs are designed around the fact that the business or corporation is using centralized resources, like a server farm. loop avoidance If multiple connections between switches are created for redundancy, network loops can occur. STP is used to stop network loops and allow redundancy. LSA link-state advertisement: Contained inside of link-state packets (LSPs), these advertisements are usually multicast packets, containing infor- mation about neighbors and path costs, that are employed by link-state pro- tocols. Receiving routers use LSAs to maintain their link-state databases and, ultimately, routing tables.Copyright ©2001 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com480 Glossary LSA acknowledgement A Link State Advertisement acknowledgement is sent from a router back to an originating router to acknowledge receipt of an LSA from an OSPF router. LSA flooding OSPF floods the network with Link State Advertisements if a change in the network occurs, permitting rapid convergence. LUNI LAN Emulation User-to-Network Interface: Defining the interface between the LAN Emulation Client (LEC) and the LAN Emulation Server (LES), LUNI is the ATM Forum’s standard for LAN Emulation on ATM net- works. See also: LES and LECS. LZW algorithm A data-compression process named for its inventors, Lempel, Ziv, and Welch. The algorithm works by finding longer and longer strings of data to compress with shorter representations. MAC Media Access Control: The lower sublayer in the Data Link layer, it is responsible for hardware addressing, media access, and error detection of frames. See also: Data Link layer and LLC. MAC address A Data Link layer hardware address that every port or device needs in order to connect to a LAN segment. These addresses are used by various devices in the network for accurate location of logical addresses. MAC addresses are defined by the IEEE standard and their length is six char- acters, typically using the burned-in address (BIA) of the local LAN inter- face. Variously called “hardware address,” “physical address,” “burned-in address,” or “MAC layer address.” MacIP In AppleTalk, the Network layer protocol encapsulating IP packets in Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) packets. MacIP also supplies substi- tute ARP services. MAN metropolitan area network: Any network that encompasses a met- ropolitan area; that is, an area typically larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. See also: LAN. Manchester encoding A method for digital coding in which a mid-bit– time transition is employed for clocking, and a 1 (one) is denoted by a high voltage level during the first half of the bit time. This scheme is used by Ethernet and IEEE 802.3. Copyright ©2001 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Glossary 481 maximum burst Specified in bytes or cells, the largest burst of informa- tion exceeding the insured rate that will be permitted on an ATM permanent virtual connection for a short time and will not be dropped even if it goes over the specified maximum rate. Compare with: insured burst. See also: maximum rate. maximum rate The maximum permitted data throughput on a particular virtual circuit, equal to the total of insured and uninsured traffic from the traffic source. Should traffic congestion occur, uninsured information may be deleted from the path. Measured in bits or cells per second, the maximum rate represents the highest throughput of data the virtual circuit is ever able to deliver and cannot exceed the media rate. Compare with: excess rate. See also: maximum burst. MBS Maximum Burst Size: In an ATM signaling message, th ...