Chapter 3: Preparation & Planning
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Individuals with higher levels of planning
inclinations will have more successful
negotiation outcomes than those who are
less preparationinclined.
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Chapter 3: Preparation & Planning Chapter 3 Preparation & Planning Outline Importance of Planning Information Needs Negotiation Game Plan Intelligence Gathering Choice Point Contrivance & Response Negotiating Styles Why Plan? Critical to successful negotiations Provides the ability to set the tone and direction of the negotiation Individuals with higher levels of planning inclinations will have more successful negotiation outcomes than those who are less preparationinclined. Information Needs Negotiators should know: Other parties’ needs & interests • Available resources of the other party • Reputation and styles of the other parties • Ability and authority of other party to make • agreements • Strategies & tactics the other party might utilize • Understanding of when the other party might walk away from the negotiations Negotiation Game Plan Important to be prepared for any situation – competitive or cooperative Steps to Prepare for Negotiation Organize Identify Ideal Develop Thoughts Outcomes Contingencies & BATNA Negotiation Game Plan continued Identify communication elements • Tone for negotiation (e.g. apologetic, determined, concerned) • Frames for describing positions (e.g. metaphors, analogies) • Body language to maximize effectiveness • Claims, data, objective criteria • Questions • Persuasion strategies • Methods to ensure commitments Intelligence Gathering Skilled negotiator gathers intelligence: Interests – mutual & divergent • Concerns – mutual & divergent • Emotional issues • Primary claims • Evidentiary support – strengths & weaknesses • Potential avenues around resistance • Style compatibility considerations • ICE Model: Three Key Perspective-Shaping Factors Before beginning any negotiation, the three key perspectiveshaping factors (interests, concerns & emotions) must be assessed – not assumed! Concerns Interests Emotions Identifying Interests Skilled negotiators must elicit information regarding the others’ interests – both mutual and divergent Utilize selfdisclosure to encourage openness Share a story of a previous negotiation Place interests in continuum from mutualto divergent • When interests are mutual, cooperative or integrative negotiation is likely • When interests are divergent, antagonistic, distributive forms of negotiation emerge Identifying Concerns All parties have concerns or worries Failure to address or identify concerns may hinder successful negotiations Identifying Emotions Individuals may become emotionally involved with issues or positions Emotions may be as important as rational or cognitive arguments If emotions are ignored, negotiations may fail Identifying Primary Claims Defined: Statements about interests that each negotiator is likely to make Argument development • Claim – outcome or position for which you’re arguing • Data – evidence or reasoning supporting the claim • Warrant – general statement that indicates why the data are supportive of the claim Dissect reasoning to identify potential weaknesses and develop stronger arguments Lead with the strongest claims and ones that the other party may care about or are likely to believe Argument – Claim Development Toulmin’s Model Issue: ___________ Therefore Data: Claim: Since Warrant: Because Backing: Using a Logical Vocabulary Proposition – True or false statement within an argument but not alone Premise – Proposition used as evidence in an argument Conclusion – Proposition used as a thesis in an argument Argument – A group of propositions from which one follows from another Induction – Process through which premises provide some basis for the conclusion Deduction – Process through which premises provide conclusive proof for the conclusion Listen for Indicators Argument indicators: should, must, ought, necessarily Premise indicators: since, because, for, as, in as much as, for the reason that, first Conclusion indicators: therefore, hence, thus, so, consequently, it follows that, one may infer, one may conclude Prepare & Anticipate Counterclaims Anticipate the possible ways in which your counterpart might respond Seek to understand • Acknowledge counterclaim • Assess counterclaim to gain better understanding of their position • Respond – utilize other forms of ...
Nội dung trích xuất từ tài liệu:
Chapter 3: Preparation & Planning Chapter 3 Preparation & Planning Outline Importance of Planning Information Needs Negotiation Game Plan Intelligence Gathering Choice Point Contrivance & Response Negotiating Styles Why Plan? Critical to successful negotiations Provides the ability to set the tone and direction of the negotiation Individuals with higher levels of planning inclinations will have more successful negotiation outcomes than those who are less preparationinclined. Information Needs Negotiators should know: Other parties’ needs & interests • Available resources of the other party • Reputation and styles of the other parties • Ability and authority of other party to make • agreements • Strategies & tactics the other party might utilize • Understanding of when the other party might walk away from the negotiations Negotiation Game Plan Important to be prepared for any situation – competitive or cooperative Steps to Prepare for Negotiation Organize Identify Ideal Develop Thoughts Outcomes Contingencies & BATNA Negotiation Game Plan continued Identify communication elements • Tone for negotiation (e.g. apologetic, determined, concerned) • Frames for describing positions (e.g. metaphors, analogies) • Body language to maximize effectiveness • Claims, data, objective criteria • Questions • Persuasion strategies • Methods to ensure commitments Intelligence Gathering Skilled negotiator gathers intelligence: Interests – mutual & divergent • Concerns – mutual & divergent • Emotional issues • Primary claims • Evidentiary support – strengths & weaknesses • Potential avenues around resistance • Style compatibility considerations • ICE Model: Three Key Perspective-Shaping Factors Before beginning any negotiation, the three key perspectiveshaping factors (interests, concerns & emotions) must be assessed – not assumed! Concerns Interests Emotions Identifying Interests Skilled negotiators must elicit information regarding the others’ interests – both mutual and divergent Utilize selfdisclosure to encourage openness Share a story of a previous negotiation Place interests in continuum from mutualto divergent • When interests are mutual, cooperative or integrative negotiation is likely • When interests are divergent, antagonistic, distributive forms of negotiation emerge Identifying Concerns All parties have concerns or worries Failure to address or identify concerns may hinder successful negotiations Identifying Emotions Individuals may become emotionally involved with issues or positions Emotions may be as important as rational or cognitive arguments If emotions are ignored, negotiations may fail Identifying Primary Claims Defined: Statements about interests that each negotiator is likely to make Argument development • Claim – outcome or position for which you’re arguing • Data – evidence or reasoning supporting the claim • Warrant – general statement that indicates why the data are supportive of the claim Dissect reasoning to identify potential weaknesses and develop stronger arguments Lead with the strongest claims and ones that the other party may care about or are likely to believe Argument – Claim Development Toulmin’s Model Issue: ___________ Therefore Data: Claim: Since Warrant: Because Backing: Using a Logical Vocabulary Proposition – True or false statement within an argument but not alone Premise – Proposition used as evidence in an argument Conclusion – Proposition used as a thesis in an argument Argument – A group of propositions from which one follows from another Induction – Process through which premises provide some basis for the conclusion Deduction – Process through which premises provide conclusive proof for the conclusion Listen for Indicators Argument indicators: should, must, ought, necessarily Premise indicators: since, because, for, as, in as much as, for the reason that, first Conclusion indicators: therefore, hence, thus, so, consequently, it follows that, one may infer, one may conclude Prepare & Anticipate Counterclaims Anticipate the possible ways in which your counterpart might respond Seek to understand • Acknowledge counterclaim • Assess counterclaim to gain better understanding of their position • Respond – utilize other forms of ...
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