genki 1 an integrated course in elementary japanese1 phần 2

Nếu bạn là người nhập môn mới hoàn toàn thì có lẻ điều khó hiểu nhất là Tại sao lại có hai bảng chữ cái là hiragana và katakana? Cũng không có gì khó hiểu lắm đâu, hiragana là thể hiện chữ viết của người nhật, còn katakana được dùng để viết những từ nước ngoài du nhập vào mà chủ yếu là tiếng Anh.
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genki 1 an integrated course in elementary japanese1 phần 2 ADDITIONAL VOCABULARYCountries U S-A. Ameri ka lgirisu Britain Australia Oosutoraria Korea Kankoku Sueeden Sweden Chuugoku China kagaku science Asian studies ajiakenkyuu keezai economics international. relations kokusaikankee kon pyuutaa computer jinruigaku anthropoIogy seeji pslitics business bijinesu literature bungaku history rekishi job; work; occupation doctor office worker kaishain high school student k ookoasee shufu housewife graduate student daigakuinsee college student daigakusee lawyer bengoshi mother okaasan father otoosan older sister o neesan older brather oniisan younger sister irnooto younger brother otootoIt is 12:30. I am a student. My major is the Japanese language. These sentenceswill all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu. 9 I = U 1.3A/ TT0 (It) is half past twelve. @ Juuniji han desu. (I) am a s tudat. ( $2 *LT-FO Gakusee desu. t c C3X. z*T-3-0 6 the Japa~leselanguage. (My major) N ihongo desu.Note that none of these sentences has a subject, like the it, I, and my majorfound in their English counterparts. Sentences without subjects are very common inJapanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it isclear to the listener what o r who they are referring to.What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicitwhat we are talking about, we can say: t3 b = G3h Z*TT, is the Japalaese kanguage. n ihongo desu. wa stands for the thing that is talked about, or the topic, which is later inWherethe sentence identified as n ihowo. For example, :*TTa +&XI SI h,4 (My)major ds the Japanese langwzge. it t 3 h/ . 3 Senrnon w a nihongo desu.Similarly, one can use the pattern X wa Y desu t identify a person or a thing X as item oY. - +AT?, It- t i bk Lt2 I am Sue Kim. X- Watashi wa Suu Kimu desu. 9 3 L f i S I 3 * L*~TTo Mr. Y a w h i f a i a teacher. k Yarnashita san wa sensee desu. n A 96. Mary i s an American. 7%1)3FJ13b-c--Fo $7)--3LlA Mearii san wa arnerikajin desu. Wa is a member of the class of words called particles. So is the word lzo, which we willt urn to later in this lesson. Particles attach themselves to phrases and indicate how thephrases relate to the rest of the sentence.Note also that nouns like gakwee and s esee in the above examples stand alone, d i k etheir English translations student and teacher, which are preceded by a. InJapanese, there is no item that corresponds to a,nor is there any item that correspondsto the plural -s at the end of a noun- Without background situations, a sentence Iikegakusee desu is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations;it rnay mean We are/you a d t h e y are students, as well as I am/you are/she is astudent.I t is very easy to form questions in Japanese. Basically, all you need to do is add kaat the end of a statement. ...