Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: Nghiên cứu về hành động của vận động cộng đồng để cải thiện vệ sinh môi trường cho các dân tộc thiểu số trong khu vực đặc biệt khó khăn của huyện Đồng Hỷ, Thái Nguyên

Tuyển tập các nghiên cứu khoa học của trường đại học Huế đề tài: Nghiên cứu về hành động của vận động cộng đồng để cải thiện vệ sinh môi trường cho các dân tộc thiểu số trong khu vực đặc biệt khó khăn của huyện Đồng Hỷ, Thái Nguyên...
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Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học: "Nghiên cứu về hành động của vận động cộng đồng để cải thiện vệ sinh môi trường cho các dân tộc thiểu số trong khu vực đặc biệt khó khăn của huyện Đồng Hỷ, Thái Nguyên"JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, Hue University, N0 61, 2010RESEARCH ON ACTIONS OF COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION TO IMPROVESANITATION ENVIRONMENT FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES IN ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT REGION OF DONG HY DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN Dam Khai Hoan Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hoang Anh Tuan Thai Nguyen Medical College SUMMARY A two year- study on community mobilization for improving people’s behavior onenvironmental hygiene in minority ethnic community at remote and disadvantage region in CayThi Commune, Dong Hy district, Thai nguyen province. The findings are (1) the model of inter-branches in community and responsibility shared with health personnel in communicating toimprove the people’s behavior on environmental hygiene, combine the task of each member ofstake holder. The model had been set up the concrete duties and tasks to ensure their task aswell as the integration of communication of environmental hygiene, (2) the findings show thatthere are the changes in people’s behavior on environmental hygiene in Cay Thi Commune, theknowledge is increased 63%, attitude is increased 33, 2%, practice is increased 14, 5%. Theinterventional effectiveness is knowledge on environmental hygiene (323%), practice (253%)and attitude (206%). After intervention in Cay Thi Commune, there are changes clearly,especially in building and using hygiene latrines, built hygiene latrines are increased (26, 5%households), the interventional effectiveness is 217, 22%. The recommendations: This model isgood solution, feasibility and need to be applied and continue to study by certain local authorityand health system. Key words: The community mobilization; the environmental hygiene; the minorityethnic community.1. Introduction Environmental hygiene is a problem that is not only of interest in the scope of acountry or a region, but also a matter of concern on a global scale because of itsimportance to human health. Implementing good environmental hygiene to improve thehealth and living conditions of rural people contributes to poverty alleviation, especiallyin the uplands, deep and difficult areas as well as ethnic minority areas. However,economic development, culture and society in these areas is still poor, the common 201peoples living standards are low, their educational level has not improved,transportation is difficult, and health care conditions and social welfare are still lacking.In Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province, the behavior of environmental hygiene is aproblem. Therefore, we deem it necessary to improve environmental sanitation.Mobilizing the community to participate in improving the behavior of environmentalhygiene is considered a good approach for solving these problems. Thus this research isconducted to describe the actual situation of environmental hygiene behavior of ethnicminorities in particularly difficult communes of Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyenprovince, to build a model of community mobilization to improve environmentalhygiene behavior for people in Cay Thi commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyenprovince and to assess the effectiveness of the model for improving sanitation behaviorfor ethnic minorities in Cay Thi commune after two years of implementation.2. Methods 2.1. Subjects: All households, government leaders, government departments,unions and medical workers. 2.2. Location: 4 communes (Cay Thi, Hop Tien, Van Lang and Tan Long) ofDong Hy district, which are mountainous communes, in which Cay Thi is a interventioncommune and Hop Tien is a control commune 2.3. Time: From January 2006 to December 2007 2.4. Methods: A cross-sectional method was used to describe the actual situationof environmental hygiene behavior and find the factors related to environmentalhygiene behavior. An Epidemiological intervention to build models to improvesanitation behavior was also conducted. 2.4.1. Descriptive study Design: The combination of the properties. The samplesize was calculated for a cross-sectional survey of 800 but the actual survey sample was830. Four communes of Dong Hy district were chosen intentionally, because they areconsidered extremely difficult communes in Dong Hy. 200 households of ethnicminorities in remote areas (the town center from 5 km) were selected from eachcommune. Each household randomly selected one adult representative (as familyleader) from the list of households. 2.4.2. Intervention study design: The following interventions are confrontingthe sample size was calculated based on a formula of epidemiological intervention n =194, so the number of households in each commune was 200. We decided to choose CayThi commune and Hop Tien commune because they have similar social characteristics. 2.4.3. The research indicators: Using Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice, (KAP)on environmental sanitation as indicators. The KAP level distributed into three types ofvariables, such as knowledge (K), attitude (A) and practice (P) for each problem will be 202studied. The total of points for each variable was 10 points. The classification of KAPlevels are as follows: Total points from 10-70 points: Good; from 5 to 6 points:average; Table 3.1. KAP of the people who undertook water and management of water distribution. ...