Lecture Gender and Environment - Dr. Annuska Derks

Lecture Gender and Environment of Dr.AnnuskaDerks presented: What is Gender?, Emergence of "Women and Environment", Women and Environmental Degradation, Why "gender and environment".
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Lecture Gender and Environment - Dr. Annuska DerksGender and EnvironmentDr.AnnuskaDerksWhat is Gender?Sex=biologicaldifferencesbetweenmenand women.Gender=socialandculturalconstructionofsex; meaningsthataparticularsocietygivesto thephysicalandbiologicaltraitsthat differentiatemalesandfemales.Emergence of Women and Environment1970s:WID(womenindevelopment)1980s:WED(women,environmentand sustainabledevelopment)1990s:WEDoninternationalagenda2000s:MDG(milleniumdevelopmentgoals) Women and environmentSomeassumptions:1.Womenareseenasclosertonature2.Womenareconsideredtobemoreaffectedby environmentaldegradation1. Women and Nature: Womenareduetotheirbodyandbodily functionsmoreinvolvedwiththe reproductionoflife Women‘sdomesticresponsibilitiesbring themclosertonatureandthustoan awarenessofenvironmentalhazards2. Women and Environmental Degradation:  Womenareconsideredtobemore adverselyaffectedbyenvironmental degradation  Womenareconsideredtobelesslikely inapositiontoaffectissuesof environmentaldegradationTwo approaches Ecofeminism=connectionbetween exploitationofwomen(patriarchy)and exploitationofenvironment Feministpoliticalecology=examination ofgender’splaceinthepolitical ecologicallandscape,exploringgender asafactorinecologicalandpolitical relationsWhy gender and environment?Relationswithenvironmentaregendered:Women‘ssurvivalskillsarebasedondifferentknowledgeofenvironmentalprocessesandsystemsRightstoaccessenvironmentalresourcestendtobedifferentiatedbygender,asareresponsibilitiesformanagementofecologicalsystemsWomen‘smotivationstosocialandpoliticalactionvisàvisenvironmentalproblemsandcrisesdifferfromthoseofmen Example: Chipko movemento GahrwalHimalaya,India;1970so Deforestation;contractorsystemof thestate‘sForestDepartmento Nonviolentresistance;tree hugging,esp.womeno Movementspreadthroughoutthe countryo Resultedin15yearbanonforest fellinginHimalayaso Chipkosuccessbecameexample forenvironmentalmovements aroundtheworld Source:http://www.thefullwiki.org/Chipko_Movement Chipko: feminist or livelihood movement?VandanaShiva(1988) HaripriyaRangan(2000)StayingAlive: OfMythsandMovements:Chipkoasexpressionof Ideaofecologicalharmonyandessentialistrelationship women‘sroleinitisamythbasedwomen–nature uponideasofpristinenatureandLocalwomen‘seffortsto simplepeasantliferestoreecosystem,protect Strugglewasnotagainstcuttingreproductivepowerofenvironment trees,butagainsttheallotmentof forestcuttingtolargetimberChallengingmasculinistcommercialexploitationof merchantsnature Localresidentsalsosought=feministmovement revenuefromforestexploitation, butontheirownterms