Salicylaldehyde rich leaf essential oil composition of filipundula vestita from Western Himalaya of Uttrakhand, India

Salicylaldehyde has many applications as an intermediate in chemical industries. Genus Filipendula is a potential source of salicycldehyde. Essential oils are prescribed for a variety of health problems by traditional systems of medicine, all over the world. In present study, leaf essential oil composition of Filipendula vestita (Wall. Ex G. Don) Maxim. (Family: Rosaceae) from Uttrakhand, India was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods.
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Salicylaldehyde rich leaf essential oil composition of filipundula vestita from Western Himalaya of Uttrakhand, IndiaVietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56 (4) (2018) 441-445DOI: 10.15625/2525-2518/56/4/12487 SALICYLALDEHYDE RICH LEAF ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF FILIPUNDULA VESTITA FROM WESTERN HIMALAYA OF UTTRAKHAND, INDIA Rakesh Kumar Joshi1, 2 1 Department of Chemistry, Kumaun University, Nainital-263002, Uttarakhand, India 2 Department of Education, Government of Uttrakhand, India Email: raakeshjoshi@rediffmail.com Received: 2 May 2018; Accepted for publication: 29 May 2018Abstract. Salicylaldehyde has many applications as an intermediate in chemical industries.Genus Filipendula is a potential source of salicycldehyde. Essential oils are prescribed for avariety of health problems by traditional systems of medicine, all over the world. In presentstudy, leaf essential oil composition of Filipendula vestita (Wall. Ex G. Don) Maxim. (Family:Rosaceae) from Uttrakhand, India was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods. The volatile oil was dominated bysalicylaldehyde 51.5 %, methyl salicylate 24.5 %, salicylic acid butyl ester 5.70 %, carvone4.30 %, santene 3.50 %, as major constituents.Keywords: Filipendula vestita, Rosaceae, essential oil, salicylaldehyde, methyl salicylate.Classification numbers: 1.4.6. 1. INTRODUCTION Filipendula genus represented by about twelve species of perennial, herbaceous floweringplants, native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Well-known species includeMeadowsweet (F. ulmaria) and Dropwort (F. vulgaris), both native to Europe, and Queen-of-the-forest (F. occidentalis) and Queen-of-the-prairie (F. rubra), native to North America,Filipendula species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidopteran species,including Emperor moth, gray pug, Grizzled skipper, among others. F. vestita (Wallich ex G.Don) Maxim. is an erect leafy perennial, distributed up to 2100-3300 m also reported in WesternHimalayan region of Uttrakhand [1, 2]. Previous studies about Filipendula species showed that extracts of F. glaberrima have beenused in traditional medicines of Europe and other countries as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-rheumatic, diuretic, astringent, and diaphoretic agents. Also monotropitin, (+)-catechin, anddaucosterol isolated from the flower and fruit oils of F. glaberrima [3 - 5]. GC/MS analysis ofleaf essential oil of F. glaberrima revealed β-farnesol (2.96 %), l-α-terpineol (2.43 %),benzenemethanol (2.87 %), (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol (5.23 %), and 2,6-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol (1.91 %) as major constituents. The essential oil from F. glaberrima showed asignificant toxic effect against early fourth stage larvae of Aedes aegypti L, an approach to Rakesh Kumar Joshireduce the population of mosquitoes would be to target the larvae in South Korea also.Methanolic extracts from F. glaberrima (whole parts) showed cosmetic active against matrixmetalloproteinase-1. However, little information is available on such biological activity ofF. glaberrima. Although minimum number of biological activity has been discovered fromF. glaberrima, its biological activity has not been fully characterized [3-7]. F. ulmaria and F. hexapetala other two previously studied species of this genus, which arecommonly occur in Poland have been used in folk medicine and phytotherapy for a long time.Due to its anti–inflammatory, anti-pyretic and anti-rheumatic properties, F. ulmaria(meadowsweet, queen of the meadow flowers) is mainly used in therapy. The aerial parts ofF. hexapetala contain n-tricosane (17.9 %), the oil was characterized by a high content ofsalicylic acid derivatives, salicylaldehyde (13.7 %), benzyl salicylate (6.8 %), and methylsalicylate (6.7 %). Besides, n-nonanal (11.9 %), 2-heptadecanone (6.2 %), and linalool (5.2 %)were present in significant amounts. The high content of salicylaldehyde (36.0 %) and methylsalicylate (19.0 %) was also found in the essential oil from aerial parts of Filipendula ulmaria.Recent report showed that the extract from roots of F. hexapetala has interferon like activity.Water-methanol extract from F. ulmaria contains a variety of phenolic compounds, such ascaffeic, p-coumaric and vanillic acid, myricetin, etc, which demonstrate antibacterial activity.The efficacy of F. ulmaria extract against selected foodborne psychrotrophic bacteria was alsotested using solid laboratory media and low incubation temperatures for better simulation offood preservation conditions. Higher concentrations of the extract, compared to minimuminhibitory concentration determined in the broth, were needed for satisfactory inhibition ofspoilage bacteria. Potential use of F. ulmaria extract as natural food preservative was alsoexamined against natural spoilage flora and inoculated pathogenic bacteria on fish flesh and fishroe product (tarama salad) [8-13]. 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS2.1. Plant collection, identification and isolation of essential oils The fresh leaves of F. vestita (Wallich ex G. Don) Maxim. were collected from Milamglacier (latitude 30.48° N, longitude 80.10° E and an altitude of 3400 m) in Uttrakhand, India.The plant material was authenticated from Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun. The voucherspecimen (Chem./DST/02) has been deposited in the Phytochemistry laboratory of theChemistry Department, Kumaun University, Nainital. Fresh leaves (1 kg) were subjected tosteam distillation using a copper electric still, fitted with spiral glass ...